"For Democrats, maybe it's framed as letting the government do its job better and for Republicans, maybe it's framed as letting the market do its job better; however we get there, the idea of helping promote private sector investment in public outcomes is attractive to everyone."

Last week Cathy Clark, Director of CASE i3 and Co-Principal Investigator for SEAD sat down with the Fuqua School of Business to talk about the United States National Advisory Board on Impact Investing of which she is a board member.  The board recently released a series of recommendations for US policymakers on how they can encourage impact investing to encourage economic growth.

To read the full Q&A with Cathy Clark, visit Fuqua's website here.
Read the US National Advisory Board on Impact Investing recommendations here.

In the United States, cervical cancer is largely a preventable disease.  In Haiti, where doctors often work without electricity or supplies, it can mean certain death.  Together David Walmer, Bob Malkin, and Engineering World Health have been working together to develop CerviScope, a medical device that allows for cervical cancer screenings adapted for the harsh conditions found in developing world health clinics.  The New York Times Magazine published a fantastic piece about the incredible 15-year journey from an idea to scaled production of the CerviScope.

“They realized we’d been through lots of renditions, and they realized they were coming in after degreed, Duke University engineers who had volunteered their time,” Walmer says. “They were all pretty excited. They thought, We are solving a real-world problem.”

Read the full article here.

A social entrepreneur can be defined as someone who identifies a critical social need, develops an innovative solution, and ultimately implements this change into society, thus creating positive social impact. Some of these most pressing social needs addressed by social entrepreneurs involve improving healthcare in the developing world, and in this domain, a common type of proposed solution is a novel medical technology. In this case, the social entrepreneur not only must develop a business model and map the relevant ecosystem, but also perform rigorous testing, including field engineering trials and sometimes even clinical trials, to propel the innovation to the target population. However, due to the difficulties social entrepreneurs might encounter in the developing world, they are frequently left in the dark when it comes time for implementation. Taking this into consideration, Dr. Robert Malkin of Duke University Department of Biomedical Engineering identifies these possible obstacles and offers potential solutions in his new paper “Diffusion of Novel Healthcare Technologies to Resource Poor Settings”.

In his publication, Malkin walks us through the challenges of introducing a new healthcare technology in the developing world. He explains that even in the most ideal of conditions, for instance entering a large market with an innovative and viable solution, obstacles concerning manufacturing and distribution of the technology can prevent any further progress. As there is little research being conducted on this issue, Malkin’s discussion comes at an opportune time, and his recommendations are especially useful when implementation becomes a priority.

Social entrepreneurs have numerous considerations to make when introducing healthcare technology to the developing world. While social entrepreneurs encounter traditional issues, including logistics, staffing, and financial problems, unexpected complexities of developing world healthcare systems create obstacles as well. Furthermore, while choosing the correct manufacturing and diffusion method is of utmost importance, the advantages and disadvantages of the large variety of options may overwhelm the social entrepreneur.  For example, while informal, local manufacturing is typically the largest manufacturing sector in many developing countries, quality control and the difficulty of scaling a business plan based on local manufacturing make it a less viable option.

Capturing these difficulties, Malkin concludes his paper by saying, “The adventure is about to begin.” Though quite true, as there are many barriers to introducing novel healthcare technologies, with enough time and energy healthcare innovations in the developing world can greatly impact the lives of millions of people.

If you are considering looking further into this research, here are a few important questions that are addressed in the paper:

• What are the different types of sectors in health care delivery in the developing world?
• What are the different options to consider in manufacturing the device?
• What are the benefits of a contract manufacturer?
• What are the different routes to diffusion of novel healthcare technologies in the developing world?
• How should I properly engage a local distributor?
• Why are direct import donations not as beneficial as they may seem?
• What is an MRSO (medical surplus recovery organization)?
• How do I license my IP?

Contributed by Keerthighaan Kanagasegar, (Duke BME, '14)